West Nile Fever: How It Spreads and How to Protect Yourself - New Details

The National Center for Infectious Diseases of Armenia has provided details about the illness known as West Nile fever. This fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex genus. Infection typically occurs among birds, but humans and some mammals can also be infected. Approximately 80% of cases in humans occur without symptoms.

Most cases are reported between July and September, coinciding with the active period for mosquitoes. The disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, but with the development of tourism, it has been identified in other countries as well.

The first case of West Nile fever in Armenia was recorded at the National Center for Infectious Diseases in a patient diagnosed with an unknown origin of meningitis. The disease does not transmit from person to person but can be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to child.

The incubation period for the disease is 2-3 weeks. Among those infected, 1 in 5 may develop clinical symptoms, which include:

• Chills
• Fever ranging from 38-40°C
• Headache
• General muscle pain and joint pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash on the body

In about 1% of those infected, central nervous system involvement may occur, leading to conditions such as encephalitis or meningitis, where symptoms can include:

• Severe, throbbing headaches
• Fever of 40°C or higher
• Persistent vomiting
• Photophobia
• Seizures
• Altered levels of consciousness

Risk groups for West Nile fever include:

• The elderly
• Individuals with cardiovascular diseases
• Patients with oncological conditions
• Diabetic patients
• Individuals with chronic kidney issues

Preventive measures against West Nile fever include using mosquito control methods, wearing clothing that covers most of the body, and sleeping in areas protected from mosquitoes. Earlier, it was reported that the West Nile virus, transmitted from mosquitoes to humans, has been recorded for the first time in Armenia, with one person having died and about 20 hospitalized.