Case of Botulism Registered in Armenia: Two Affected

On July 16, a case of botulism was reported in the Ararat region of Armenia, affecting two individuals. Currently, the victims are receiving medical assistance. This information comes from the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia.

Botulism is a severe food poisoning that manifests through damage to the central and vegetative nervous systems. The pathogen resides in the natural environment in the form of spores in the soil, from where it can transfer to vegetables, greens, and other foods.

For the growth and development of the said pathogen, anaerobic conditions are necessary, including a temperature between 20-30°C and a pH above 4.6, where spores convert into vegetative forms, multiply, and produce a toxin known as botulinum toxin. Under these conditions, the pathogen can grow and multiply within 3-4 days.

Destruction of the pathogen occurs only in specialized equipment, such as autoclaves, under high pressure (1.5-2 atmospheres) and heat (120-130°C). Foods contaminated with botulinum toxin may not change in taste, smell, color, or appearance.

The incubation period for the disease ranges from 2 hours to 12 days (it can last up to 30 days). The main clinical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, vision disturbances, double vision, drooping eyelids (ptosis), pupil dilation (mydriasis), difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, dry mouth, a slowing heart rate, respiratory distress, and symmetrical paralysis.

To avoid botulism and its severe consequences, the Ministry of Health of Armenia advises:

• Do not consume food from random food outlets.
• Do not use homemade preserves.
• Before using homemade preserves, subject them to heat treatment by boiling for at least 20-25 minutes.
• At the first signs of the disease (nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, vision disturbances, double vision), immediately consult a doctor, as timely medical assistance can save the patient's life.