Population in Armenia Continues to Decline: What Are the Reasons?

The role of women is increasing in Armenia, which in turn has led to a decline in birth rates. This statement was made at a press conference by Armen Ghazaryan, head of the Migration and Citizenship Service of Armenia.

According to him, this means, in professional terms, that Armenian society has undergone a classical second demographic transition. "Looking at global practices, this trend is almost unstoppable. Even in many countries with high birth rates, including our neighboring Iran, the second demographic transition is being observed," Ghazaryan stated.

He emphasized that the average fertility coefficient in Armenia today is 1.6. Additionally, migration is playing a significant role. "In countries where the purchasing power of the average salary is higher, the workforce is moving to those countries. We are now in this classical situation. At the same time, in the past five years, Armenia has become a country of both emigration and transit, as well as a receiving country. We are dealing with these three levels," he said.

Research shows that Armenia has transitioned from survival migration to migration for the development of human capital. "Now people are seeking better educational, healthcare services, and social protection," he mentioned.

Cultural anthropologist and ethnographer Aghasi Tadevosyan also points out that the state has a significant role in the issue of declining population and should reassess its challenges to ensure the sustainability of the state and society with the existing human resources. "It is crucial to understand that potential with quality professional skills often leaves Armenia due to the lack of a suitable working environment. Studies should be conducted to specify what environment Armenia needs for economic development and appropriate strategies should be developed so that this potential remains in Armenia and continues to operate here," he stated.

According to Tadevosyan, many young people living abroad would like to return to their homeland and work here if there were a favorable environment. He also pointed out that, aside from socio-economic factors, the society requires security guarantees. "This is the most vulnerable factor that can affect young people, especially males. It is very important to consider the propaganda factor as well, in terms of how authorities can motivate people and connect them with their country, raising the levels of civic patriotism," he stated.

It is noteworthy that the last census in Armenia was conducted from October 13 to 22, 2022. As of October 13, 2022, the permanent population of Armenia is reported to be 2,928,914, while the total population during that period was 2,638,917. Compared to the previous census conducted in 2011, the permanent population of Armenia in 2022 decreased by 89,940. Additionally, it declined by 284,097 compared to the census in 2001. The final data from the 2022 census will be published in December this year, with information not only on the age and gender distribution but also on educational levels, marital status, employment, living conditions, health status, and many other aspects.