Potential Source of West Nile Fever Identified as Birds, Transmitted by Culex pipiens Mosquito

The Rector of Yerevan State Medical University, Armen Muradyan, writes: "As of August 21, there have been confirmed 58 cases of West Nile fever infection in Armenia. A total of 41 citizens have been hospitalized, with their conditions generally classified as moderate, although four patients are experiencing more severe symptoms. One death has already been reported; a man born in 1938, who reportedly had accompanying chronic health issues.

The potential source of the infection is identified as birds. The transmitting agent is the Culex pipiens mosquito, and it is noted that the virus is passed down from generation to generation within the organism of the vector. The incubation period for the disease typically ranges from 2 to 6 days, though in some cases it can extend to 14 days. The initial clinical signs include headaches, muscle pain, general weakness, elevated body temperature, nausea, and vomiting. Elderly individuals and those with immune suppression are at a higher risk for developing the neurodegenerative form of the infection. After the illness, a stable, long-term post-infection immunity generally develops.

It is important to note that new cases of West Nile fever continue to be reported in humans and animals across Europe, Asia, and North America. As of August 21, 2024, Germany has recorded 4 outbreaks of West Nile fever among horses. Three of these outbreaks were identified in Brandenburg, while another was found in Saxony. In the U.S., the first case of West Nile fever in 2024 was reported in Michigan.

Control of the vector remains a key method for preventing mosquito-borne diseases. We would like to remind you of the preventive measures that you can implement at your home and around your surroundings to neutralize potential mosquito breeding sites:

• Regularly dry out standing water and wipe under flower pots
• Seal water containers tightly with airtight lids
• Always ensure that the bases of refrigerators, air conditioners, and water coolers are clean and dry
• Turn over or cover items that can collect water, such as barrels and deep containers
• Cover the drainpipes of water tanks while allowing water to flow out
• Ensure that discarded liquid-containing plastic or any other materials are disposed of properly.